Description of the procedure
The kidneys remove waste and excess water from the blood. If they do not work normally, a hemodialysis machine can also remove the waste from the blood. People with end-stage kidney failure (permanent loss of kidney function) need dialysis on a permanent, regular basis.
In emergency situations, hemodialysis helps remove toxic drugs or poisonous chemicals from the blood quickly.
Hemodialysis usually takes place in a dialysis center in a hospital, in a specialized clinic, or at home.
Schematic of the principles involved in hemodialysis. Blood flows from the body into the hemodialysis machine through a filter called a dialyzer. The dialyzer removes waste from the blood. This blood then re-enters the body.
When should this procedure be performed?
Most people with chronic kidney problems need hemodialysis three times a week. It usually takes three to four hours to complete the procedure. Some people prefer more frequent, but shorter, treatments because it better suits their lifestyle.
Why is this procedure performed?
When the kidneys no longer function properly, they cannot remove substances from the blood. Hemodialysis provides a method of "cleaning" the blood. Otherwise, substances such as salt, potassium, and urea may reach levels that may damage the body. Transplanting a kidney is an alternative to dialysis; however, if the intended recipient is not healthy enough to undergo a major operation or if a suitable organ cannot be found, a transplant may not be possible.
Are there any risks and precautions I should know about?
The risks associated with hemodialysis include:
- infections or blood clots where the dialysis machine is attached to your body
- low blood pressure due to a rapid decrease in the amount of water in your blood
- cramping muscles
- changes in your heartbeat
- headache, nausea, or confusion
As part of your overall treatment, a dietitian will help you to come up with a meal plan that manages your intake of fluids and nutrients (e.g., protein, salt, potassium) to accommodate your individual needs.
To minimize complications related to hemodialysis, follow your dietitian's guidelines and take any medication as directed.
Next Page
